Zinc Pyrithione , Zinc Omadine, Zinc Polyanemine, Pyrithione Zincique, ZPT, 13463-41-7

Zinc Pyrithione (ZPT) 

1. Chemical Identity

• Chemical Name: Zinc Pyrithione

• CAS No: 13463‑41‑7

• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₈N₂O₂S₂Zn

• Molecular Weight: 317.7 g/mol

• Synonyms: Zinc Omadine, ZPT, Pyrithione Zinc, Zinc Polyanemine, Pyrithione Zincique, Bis[(pyridine‑1‑oxide)‑2‑yl]thio]zinc, Zinc bis(2‑pyridylthio)‑N‑oxide, 2‑Mercaptopyridine N‑oxide zinc salt

• Identifiers:

  • EINECS: 236‑671‑3

  • InChIKey: OTPSWLRZXRHDNX‑UHFFFAOYSA‑L

  • MDL: MFCD00067336

  • HS Code: 29333990

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

• Appearance: White to light yellow crystalline powder (sometimes suspension)

• Odor: Mild, characteristic

• Melting Point: ~240 °C (decomposes)

• Boiling Point: ~350 °C

• Density: 1.78 g/cm³ (25 °C)

• Flash Point: 107 °C

• Solubility:

  • Water: Very low (~8 ppm at pH 7)

  • Ethanol: ~100 mg/kg

  • PEG‑400: ~2000 mg/kg

• pH Stability: 4.5–9.5 optimal

• Vapor Pressure: ~0 Pa (25 °C)

• Surface Tension: 73 mN/m at 20 °C

3. Functional Properties

• Antifungal / Fungistatic: Inhibits Malassezia and other fungi

• Antibacterial / Bacteriostatic: Active against Gram (+) and Gram (–) bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus)

• Broad‑spectrum Antimicrobial: Prevents biofilm formation

• Algaecide: Used in marine coatings to prevent biofouling

• Hair Conditioning: Regulates sebum, delays hair aging, reduces flaking

4. Industrial Applications

5. Safety & Regulatory

• GHS Classification:

  • Signal Word: Danger

  • H301: Toxic if swallowed

  • H318: Causes serious eye damage

  • H330: Fatal if inhaled

  • H410: Very toxic to aquatic life

• Risk Codes: R22, R23, R24/25, R26, R37/38, R41, R50/53

• Safety Phrases: S26, S28, S36/37/39, S39, S45, S60, S61

• UN Code: UN 2811 – Toxic substances, Hazard Class 6.1(b), Packing Group III

• WGK (Germany): 3 – Severe water hazard

• REACH (EU): Restricted/authorization required (post‑2022)

• FDA/EU: Previously allowed in cosmetics; now restricted in some regions

6. Packaging & Storage

• Packaging: 25 kg HDPE drums or foil‑lined bags

• Storage: Cool, dry, well‑ventilated, protected from light/oxidizers

• Shelf Life: 24 months under recommended conditions

7. Compatibility Table

8. Origin & Manufacturing

• Synthesized via reaction of 2‑mercaptopyridine‑N‑oxide with sodium hydroxide → sodium pyrithione

• Double displacement with zinc sulfate or zinc chloride → Zinc Pyrithione precipitate

• Product filtered, washed, dried to fine powder

9. Alternatives

• Ketoconazole

• Selenium Sulfide

how Zinc Pyrithione (ZPT) works with anionic surfactants, why this combination is important, and where it’s applied:

Zinc Pyrithione – Sectoral Compatibility Table

📌 Emoji Scale:

• 🔵 = Low compatibility

• 🔵🔵 = Medium compatibility

• 🔵🔵🔵 = High compatibility

💇‍♂️ Zinc Pyrithione in the Cosmetics Sector

🔬 Core Role

• Antifungal Action: ZPT inhibits Malassezia species, the main cause of dandruff, making it the gold standard in anti‑dandruff formulations.

• Antibacterial Action: Effective against both Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative bacteria, helping maintain scalp and skin microbiome balance.

• Skin Benefits: Reduces itching, flaking, and irritation; supports treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and acne.

Product Types

• Anti‑Dandruff Shampoos:

  • The most common application worldwide.

  • Typical concentration: 0.3% – 2%.

  • Provides visible reduction in dandruff, scalp soothing, and long‑lasting protection.

• Hair Conditioners & Scalp Lotions:

  • Used for direct scalp care, maintaining microbial balance.

  • Reported benefits include reducing hair loss and delaying premature graying.

• Skin Creams & Lotions:

  • Applied in topical treatments for eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne.

  • Helps reduce redness, inflammation, and microbial overgrowth.

• Soaps & Cleansers:

  • Incorporated into antimicrobial soaps, shower gels, and liquid cleansers.

  • Adds stability and broad‑spectrum protection.

Formulation Notes

• Compatibility:

  • Works well with anionic surfactants (SLS, SLES) → ideal for shampoos and cleansers.

  • Less stable with nonionic surfactants or chelators (EDTA) → requires careful adjustment.

• pH Range: Stable between 4.5 – 9.0, matching typical cosmetic formulations.

• Oil Phase Stability: In creams/lotions, ZPT remains stable in the oil phase, allowing controlled release.

Sector Advantages

• Consumer Recognition: Widely known as the “anti‑dandruff active ingredient,” boosting product credibility.

• Regulatory Status: Approved in many regions, though concentration limits apply (e.g., EU max 1%).

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Ketoconazole: Strong antifungal, but costly and limited in cosmetics.

  • Selenium Sulfide: Effective, but more irritating.

  • ZPT: Balanced efficacy, low irritation, broad acceptance.

Summary: In cosmetics, ZPT is the cornerstone of anti‑dandruff shampoos and also plays a key role in creams, lotions, and soaps. Its dual antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a versatile, consumer‑trusted active ingredient.

🧴 Zinc Pyrithione in Dermatology

Core Role

• Antifungal: ZPT inhibits Malassezia and other fungi, making it effective in treating seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff-related scalp conditions.

• Antibacterial: Active against both Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative bacteria, helping reduce acne and secondary skin infections.

• Anti‑inflammatory Support: By lowering microbial load, ZPT indirectly reduces redness, itching, and irritation.

Product Types

• Topical Creams & Lotions:

  • Used in eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne treatments.

  • Typical concentration: 0.3% – 2%.

  • Provides antimicrobial protection while soothing inflamed skin.

• Medicated Shampoos:

  • Dermatology‑grade shampoos for seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff.

  • Helps restore scalp balance and reduce flaking.

• Antimicrobial Soaps & Cleansers:

  • Used in dermatological hygiene products for sensitive or infection‑prone skin.

  • Offers broad‑spectrum microbial control with low irritation.

Formulation Notes

• Compatibility:

  • Works well with anionic surfactants (ideal for medicated shampoos).

  • Requires caution with nonionic surfactants or chelators (EDTA), which may reduce activity.

• pH Range: Stable between 4.5 – 9.0, suitable for skin‑friendly formulations.

• Oil Phase Stability: In creams/lotions, ZPT remains stable in the oil phase, enabling controlled release.

Sector Advantages

• Clinical Effectiveness: Proven efficacy in treating seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, and acne.

• Consumer Trust: Recognized as a safe and effective dermatological active ingredient.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Ketoconazole: Strong antifungal, but more expensive and limited in cosmetic use.

  • Selenium Sulfide: Effective, but more irritating.

  • ZPT: Balanced efficacy, lower irritation risk, longer shelf life.

Summary: In dermatology, ZPT is a reliable active ingredient for topical creams, lotions, and medicated shampoos. Its dual antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a cornerstone in treating seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, and acne, with the added benefit of being gentle and stable in formulations.

🎨 Zinc Pyrithione in Paints & Coatings

Core Role

• Antimicrobial Agent: ZPT prevents the growth of fungi, mold, algae, and bacteria on painted or coated surfaces.

• Durability Enhancer: By controlling microbial growth, ZPT extends the lifespan of paints and coatings, especially in humid or outdoor environments.

• Surface Protection: Helps maintain aesthetic quality (color, gloss, texture) by preventing biofilm formation and surface degradation.

Product Types

• Exterior Paints:

  • Used in architectural coatings for buildings, walls, and facades.

  • Protects against mold and mildew in damp climates.

• Marine Coatings:

  • Applied to ships, docks, and underwater structures.

  • Prevents algae and barnacle growth, reducing maintenance costs.

• Wood & Metal Finishes:

  • Incorporated into protective coatings for furniture, flooring, and industrial equipment.

  • Provides resistance against fungal decay and microbial staining.

• Industrial Coatings:

  • Used in factories, food processing plants, and pharmaceutical facilities.

  • Ensures hygienic surfaces by reducing microbial contamination.

Formulation Notes

• Compatibility:

  • ZPT is stable in polymeric and resin systems (acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane).

  • Works well with water‑based and solvent‑based paints.

• Concentration: Typically 0.5% – 2% depending on application and regulatory limits.

• Dispersion: Added as a fine suspension or powder; requires proper mixing to ensure uniform distribution.

Sector Advantages

• Extended Service Life: Surfaces remain cleaner and more durable over time.

• Cost Efficiency: Reduces repainting and maintenance frequency.

• Regulatory Acceptance: Approved for use in industrial and architectural coatings in many regions.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Isothiazolinones: Strong biocides but higher toxicity concerns.

  • Silver Compounds: Effective but expensive.

  • ZPT: Balanced efficacy, cost‑effective, and widely accepted.

Summary: In the paints & coatings sector, ZPT is a trusted antimicrobial additive that protects surfaces from fungi, mold, and algae. It enhances durability, reduces maintenance, and ensures hygienic conditions in both architectural and industrial applications.

👕 Zinc Pyrithione in Textiles

Core Role

• Antimicrobial Effect: ZPT prevents bacterial and fungal growth on textile surfaces.

• Hygiene Maintenance: Especially important in medical textiles (gowns, bedding, bandages) to reduce microbial contamination.

• Odor Control: In sportswear and underwear, ZPT helps prevent unpleasant odors caused by bacteria.

• Durability: Extends the lifespan of fabrics by protecting against mold, mildew, and microbial degradation.

Application Areas

• Medical Textiles: Hospital gowns, bedding, bandages → supports sterile environments.

• Sportswear: Provides antibacterial and anti‑odor properties.

• Home Textiles: Bedding, curtains, carpets → prevents mold and mildew growth.

• Technical Textiles: Industrial uniforms, military fabrics → ensures long‑lasting hygiene.

Processing & Formulation Notes

• Finishing Treatment: ZPT is applied through textile finishing (apré) processes to bind onto fibers.

• Microencapsulation: Can be delivered in microcapsules for controlled release.

• Compatibility: Works with both synthetic fibers (polyester, nylon) and natural fibers (cotton, wool).

• Concentration: Typically 0.1% – 0.5%; higher levels may affect softness or color.

Sector Advantages

• Hygienic Products: Adds value in medical and sports textiles by ensuring antimicrobial protection.

• Market Differentiation: Antimicrobial finishing positions textiles in the premium segment.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Silver Nanoparticles: Highly effective but expensive.

  • Chitosan: Natural but less durable.

  • ZPT: Balanced efficacy, cost‑effective, broad compatibility.

Summary: In textiles, ZPT is a cost‑effective antimicrobial additive widely used in medical, sports, and home textiles. It provides hygiene, odor control, and durability, making fabrics safer and longer‑lasting.

💧 Zinc Pyrithione in Water Treatment

Core Role

• Biocidal Action: ZPT controls fungi, bacteria, and algae in closed‑loop water systems.

• Corrosion Prevention: Reduces microbial‑induced corrosion (MIC), extending the lifespan of equipment and pipelines.

• Hygiene Support: Used in CIP (Clean‑in‑Place) cleaning solutions to lower microbial load and maintain sanitary conditions.

Application Areas

• Industrial Water Systems: Cooling towers, closed‑loop circuits → prevents biofilm formation.

• Food & Beverage Industry: Incorporated into CIP cleaning solutions as a supporting biocide.

• Petrochemical & Textile Plants: Controls microbial growth in process water systems.

• Wastewater Pre‑Treatment: Applied at low dosage to reduce microbial contamination before discharge.

Formulation Notes

• Concentration: Typically used at 10–100 ppm depending on system requirements.

• Compatibility:

  • Stable in polymer dispersions.

  • Requires caution with strong chelating agents (e.g., EDTA).

• pH Range: Effective between 4.5 – 9.0, suitable for most industrial water systems.

Sector Advantages

• Extended System Life: Prevents microbial fouling and corrosion.

• Cost Efficiency: Reduces chemical consumption and maintenance frequency.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Isothiazolinones: Stronger but more toxic.

  • Chlorine‑based systems: Effective but corrosive.

  • ZPT: Balanced efficacy, lower irritation, long‑lasting effect.

Summary: In water treatment, ZPT is a reliable biocide for closed‑loop systems and CIP cleaning. It prevents biofilm formation, microbial corrosion, and hygiene risks, making it a cost‑effective and stable solution for industrial applications.

🧪 Zinc Pyrithione in Plastics & Polymers

Core Role

• Antimicrobial Additive: ZPT is incorporated into polymer matrices to inhibit bacterial, fungal, and algal growth.

• Surface Protection: Prevents biofilm formation on plastic surfaces, keeping them hygienic and durable.

• Durability Enhancer: Extends the service life of polymer products by reducing microbial degradation.

Application Areas

• Consumer Goods:

  • Kitchenware, toys, household plastics → prevents microbial contamination.

• Medical Devices:

  • Catheters, tubing, hospital equipment → ensures sterile conditions and reduces infection risk.

• Packaging Materials:

  • Food packaging films and containers → inhibits microbial growth, extending shelf life.

• Construction Materials:

  • PVC pipes, flooring, wall panels → protects against mold and mildew.

• Industrial Components:

  • Automotive interiors, electronic housings → prevents odor and microbial damage.

Formulation Notes

• Masterbatch Integration: ZPT is added as an antimicrobial masterbatch during extrusion or molding.

• Compatibility: Works with PVC, PE, PP, polyurethane, and epoxy resins.

• Concentration: Typically 0.5% – 2%, depending on product type and regulatory limits.

• Processing Stability: Maintains activity under standard extrusion and molding temperatures.

Sector Advantages

• Hygienic Surfaces: Essential for medical and food‑contact plastics.

• Market Differentiation: Adds premium value to consumer and industrial products.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Silver Compounds: Effective but expensive.

  • Organic Biocides: Strong but less stable under heat.

  • ZPT: Cost‑effective, thermally stable, broad antimicrobial spectrum.

Summary: In plastics & polymers, ZPT is a versatile antimicrobial masterbatch additive that ensures hygiene, durability, and cost‑effective microbial protection. It is widely used in medical devices, packaging, construction materials, and consumer goods.

🌱 Zinc Pyrithione in Agriculture

Core Role

• Fungicidal Action: ZPT inhibits fungal and mold growth, protecting plants in humid environments.

• Leaf & Root Protection: Reduces microbial colonization on plant surfaces and roots.

• Greenhouse Applications: Controls fungi and algae in high‑moisture conditions.

Application Areas

• Greenhouses: Applied at low dosage to prevent fungal and algal growth.

• Field Crops: Used as a supporting active in certain fungicide formulations.

• Seed Coating: Protects seeds against fungal contamination, improving germination rates.

• Storage Protection: Added to grain and feed storage systems to reduce mold formation.

Formulation Notes

• Concentration: Typically applied at low levels (0.05% – 0.2%).

• Compatibility: Can be combined with other fungicides, but high doses risk phytotoxicity.

• Application Methods: Spray, seed coating, or storage treatment.

• pH Range: Effective between 5 – 8, suitable for agricultural solutions.

Sector Advantages

• Plant Health: Reduces fungal diseases, improving crop yield.

• Storage Safety: Prevents mold in grains and feed, protecting food quality.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Copper Compounds: Effective but higher phytotoxicity risk.

  • Sulfur‑based Fungicides: Cheap but limited spectrum.

  • ZPT: Balanced, effective at low dosage, broad antimicrobial spectrum.

Summary: In agriculture, ZPT is mainly used as a supporting fungicide in greenhouses, seed coatings, and storage protection. It helps maintain plant health, prevents fungal contamination, and ensures safer storage conditions.

🐾 Zinc Pyrithione in Veterinary Applications

Core Role

• Antifungal Action: Controls fungal infections in pets, such as dermatophytosis (ringworm).

• Antibacterial Action: Reduces bacterial skin infections and odor caused by microbial growth.

• Skin Health: Helps alleviate itching, redness, and seborrheic dermatitis in animals.

Application Areas

• Pet Shampoos:

  • Used in dog and cat shampoos to reduce dandruff, itching, and fungal skin problems.

  • Typical concentration: 0.5% – 1.5%.

• Topical Sprays & Lotions:

  • Applied directly to localized fungal or bacterial infections.

  • Provides fast action on affected skin areas.

• Veterinary Hygiene Products:

  • Incorporated into disinfectants and cleaning solutions used in veterinary clinics.

Formulation Notes

• Compatibility: Stable in formulations adjusted to animal skin pH.

• Combinations: Often combined with chlorhexidine or ketoconazole to enhance antimicrobial efficacy.

• Safety: Safe for topical use only; oral ingestion is not recommended due to toxicity risk.

Sector Advantages

• Pet Health: Improves coat and skin condition, reduces infections and discomfort.

• Veterinary Clinics: Provides reliable antimicrobial support in hygiene and treatment products.

• Comparison with Alternatives:

  • Ketoconazole: Strong antifungal but more expensive.

  • Chlorhexidine: Excellent antibacterial but limited antifungal effect.

  • ZPT: Balanced, broad‑spectrum, cost‑effective, and low irritation.

Summary: In veterinary medicine, ZPT is a trusted topical antimicrobial and antifungal agent widely used in pet shampoos, sprays, and hygiene products. It supports skin health, reduces infections, and ensures effective, safe treatment for animals.

🔄 Zinc Pyrithione – Applications in Other Sectors

Household & Consumer Products

• Cleaning Products: Incorporated into antimicrobial soaps, surface cleaners, and shower gels.

• Odor Control: Used in trash bin coatings, hygiene sprays, and deodorizing solutions.

• Advantage: Prevents mold and bacterial growth in everyday environments.

Sealants & Adhesives

• Application: Added to construction sealants, silicones, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination.

• Advantage: Protects against mold and mildew, extending the life of building materials.

Industrial Applications

• Cooling Systems: Functions as a biocide in closed‑loop industrial water systems.

• Production Facilities: Applied in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical plants to maintain hygienic surfaces.

• Advantage: Reduces microbial corrosion and contamination risks.

Paper & Leather Processing

• Paper & Pulp Industry: Controls fungal and bacterial growth during production.

• Leather Goods: Prevents mold and odor in leather products during storage and transport.

• Advantage: Improves product quality and shelf life.

Environmental & Marine Uses

• Antifouling Coatings: Used in marine paints to prevent algae and barnacle attachment on ships and underwater structures.

• Advantage: Reduces maintenance costs and enhances durability in marine environments.

Summary: Beyond cosmetics, dermatology, textiles, plastics, agriculture, and veterinary medicine, ZPT is also applied in household products, construction materials, industrial systems, paper & leather processing, and marine coatings. Its consistent role is to provide antimicrobial protection, durability, and hygiene across diverse sectors.

Documents

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• Betakim Zinc Pyrithione (ZPT)_TDS.docx
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